Hydrocarbon-engine.



E, TROIKE. HYDROGARBON ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.30, 1908.

' 932,9 1 8. Patented Aug. 31, 1909.

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ANDREW. a. mumw m. VNOYO LITIIOGRAPHERS. WASNMGIDN. a c.

E. TROIKE. HYDROCARBON ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV.30,1908.

Patented Aug. 31, 1909.

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E. TROIKE. HYDROGARBON ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV.30,1908.

' 932,918. Patented Aug. 31, 1909.

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nuemfon E. TROIKE.

HYDROOARBON ENGINE.

APPLICATION TILED NOV.30,1908.

- Patented Au 31,1909.

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U NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ERNST TROIKE, OF SANDUSKY, OHIO, ASSIGNOR F ONE-FOURTH T0 PAUL TROIKE,0F

SANDUSKY, OHIO.

HYDROGARBON-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 30, 1908. Serial No. 465,29.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ERNST Tnomn, a subject of the Emperor of Germany,residing at Sandusky, in the county of Erie and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Engines, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the class of internal combustion engines, suchas are de signed to be operated by the use of gasolene, kerosene,alcohol, or any other well known hydrocarbon fuel. I

The subject-matter of this invention consists of certain specificdetails of improvement hereinafter fully described and claimed andillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which' Figure 1 is a frontelevation of the engine complete, certain parts being in section; Fig.is a vertical sectional view of the principal parts of the enginecomplete, other parts being in side elevation; Fig. 3 is a sideelevation of the governing mechanism; Fig. 1 is a front elevation of thesame mechanism; Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the tumbler and a crosssection of the supporting bolt substantially on the line 55 of Fig. 3;Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the cross head and tumbler taken on theline 66 of Fig. 4L; Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the tumblerdetached; Fig. 8 is a transverse section of the eccentric rod andpendulum, showing the regulating spring; Fig. 9 is a perspective view ofthe cross head bolt, and Fig. 10 is a cross sectional detail on the line1010 of Fig. 1.

Throughout the following detail description and on the several figuresof the drawings similar parts are referred to by like referencecharacters.

Carrying out the specific description of this invention the frame 10 maybe of any suitable type, either vertical or horizontal, and it is to beunderstood that the invent-ion contemplates the employment of any numberof cylinders arranged in any suitable manner. Furthermore, the motor maybe made of any desired size and power and is intended for generalapplication, wherever a motor of this class may be employed. In theinvention illustrated the cylinder 11 as made is an integral part of themain frame and is provided with a cooling jacket 12 of conventionalform. A crank shaft 13 is journaled in the frame 10, and carriespreferably at one end a fly wheel 1 1 and at the other end certainspecific governing mechanisms to be hereinafter fully described.

Although certain features of this invention are applicable to any typeof engine, that disclosed herein is of the four-cycle type. At anyconvenient place a combustion cham her and a sparking device will besecured to the compression end of the cylinder. As shown herein thecombustion chamber 15 connected to the upper end of the cylinder and isfitted preferably on its upper end with a combined air and fuel inletvalve 16. The chamber .17 in which the said inlet valve is mounted forreciprocation is preferably tapped into the structure of the combustionchamber. The valve 16 is provided with a stem'lS having threadedconnection with an adjusting nut 19, between which nut and the top ofthe valve chamber 17 is a coiled spring 20, whereby the tension on thevalve is regu-. lated. Secured upon one side of the valve chamber 17 isan air inlet duct 21 having a lateral port 22, controlled. by a rotaryslide valve 23, whereby the amount of air introduced into the valvechamber and cylinder may be regulated. A fuel pipe 24 leads into anyother convenient portion of the valve chamber 17 in order that the fuelmay be thoroughly mixed with the air. The pipe 2% may be of any suitablelength and supply fuel from any suitably located reservoir, hereinindicated at 25 and located adjacent to the cylinder. The pipe 24 willbe provided preferably bet-ween the tank 25 and the chamber 17 with aone-way valve 26, and at its lower end adjacent to the bottom of thetank with a screen 27. At the upper end of the pipe 24L is preferablyprovided a coupling 28 having immediate connection with the valvechamber 17, and secured within the inner end of said coupling is anipple 29 having a minute. bore through which the oil is sprayed in asmallquantity into the valve chamber 17 at each suction stroke of thepiston. At any suitable place, the pipe 2 1 may be provided with ashut-off valve 2%, whereby the flow of fuel and consequentlythe-operation of the engine may be stopped.

The exhaust valve mechanism 30' is suit ably located at the upper end ofthe'cylinder and includes a valve 31, designed in this particularinstance for vertical reciprocation, and being held closed normally by aspring 32 surrounding a projection or hub 33 into- Patented Aug. 31,1909.

gral with the main body of the exhaust structure. The valve stem 3% isprovided with a cross pin 35 which operates in notches 36 in said hub.The pin supports the opposite end of the spring 32 and serves also toprevent rotation of the valve stem within the hub, a matter ofimportance in view of the mechanism for operating the exhaust valve. Theexhaust valve stem is provided at its lower end with a contact edge 34-and may be contacted by any suitable governing mechanism for the purposeof opening the exhaust valve.

On the suction stroke of the piston, air and fuel are drawn into thecombustion chamber through the valve chamber 17, as above indicated, andat the end of the compression stroke said mixed charge will be ignitedby any convenient sparking device, that herein indicated comprising apair of electrodes secured and operative within the combustion chamber15.

One of the electrodes 37 stationary and consists of any suitableconduct-ing metal secured in and projecting through a spark plug 38 andinsulated therefrom in any suitable mauner. The other electrode 39 isjournaled in the spark plug and is provided on its inner end with alaterally projecting con act finger 39 and secured on its outer end isan operating crank or arm 40 whereby by virtue of a spring 41 thecontact finger 39 is maintained normally in contact with the stationaryelectrode 37. The spring 11 will be secured in any suitable manner to afixed element of the structure, such as a post 4-2. The piston 43 isprovided on its upper end with a stationary rigid finger 44 whichengages the movable electrode 39 just as the piston is finishing its upstroke and whereby on separation of the electrodes a spark is producedcausing ignition or explosion of the explosive mixture and with theresult that the piston and piston rod 45 propel the crank shaft 13 inthe customary manner. The spark may be produced by any convenient means,but I prefer to employ a specific type of magneto-electric deviceconstituting the subject-matter of a separate patent, the applicationfor which is filed of even date herewith. Such magneto-electric device,however, is indicated herein at 41 6. One connection between the magnetoand one electrode is through the body of the machine, and the other isthrough a wire 47 connected to the other electrode.

The governing mechanism is of peculiar type and includes devices throughwhich the operation of the exhaust valve will determine or control theintroduction of fresh fuel and air supply to the combustion cham ber.Secured to the frame of the machine or to the cylinder adjacent to thelower end of the exhaust valve stem is a bracket 48 having an angularlydisposed head 4-9 the plane of which is vertical and parallel to thevertical axis of the machine. The said head &9 is provided with avertical slot 50 in which a cross head 51 is adapted to slidevertically. Said cross head is mounted upon a transverse bolt 52 whichreceives its motion from an eccentric rod 53 driven by an eccentric 54on the crank shaft 13. That portion of the bolt 52 with which the saideccentric rod 53 is connected is preferably squared and is received in asin'iilarly formed hole in said eccentric rod 53, whereby the said bolt52 is prevented from excessive rotation. Made integral with or connectedrigidly to the bolt 52 in any suitable manner is a flange 55, whichcooperates with the inner face of the head a9 and whereby the bolt isprevented from being displaced from a true horizontal. Said flange 55and the upper end of the eccentric rod 53 operate upon opposite sides ofthe head 49. Journaled upon the bolt 52 adjacent to the flange 55 is atumbler 56 comprising a ratchet wheel 57 having eight teeth and a cam 58having a plurality of flat sides or faces. The rot: tion of the tumbleron the bolt 52 is controlled by a spring 59 and an adjusting nut (30. Apawl 61 is pivoted on one edge of the head 49 and is held incotiperative relation with the ratchet wheel 57 by a suitable spring (32connected to the edge of the head 4.) and bearing upon a finger 63extending laterally from the pawl. The teeth of the ratchet wheel 57 areso directed that upon each vertical reciprocation of the bolt thetumbler will be carried therewith and upon the downward stroke the pawlwill cause rotation of the tumbler to an extent of one ratchet tooth, orone-eighth of the rotation of the tumbler. The relation between thefour-sided cam and the ratchet wheel is such that the flat faces of thecam 58 will be all either vertical or horizontal or else all diag onal,such positions being assumed alternately as the engine operates. Thegovernor employed is of the pendulum type, and comprises a pendulum 64pivoted intermediate of its ends on a stud 65 carried by and projectinglaterally from the eccentric rod 53 on the inner side thereof. The upperend of the pendulum 6st cooperates with the cam 58 and also with thelower or contact end of the exhaust valve stem. The said upper end ofthe pendulum is provided with a flat face 66 which engages alternatelywith one of the flat faces of the cam 58 and the corners thereof. Thelower end of the pendulum is bent laterally in a direction opposite fromthat side of the cam 58 on which the said face 66 is located andis'provided with a weight 67 by virtue of which the face 66 is held inengagement with the cam 58. During ordinary operation of the engine theupper end 68 of the pendulum engages the contact end of the exhaustvalve stem on alternate up strokes,that is to say on those up strokes ofthe eccentric rod at which the cam 58 is carried with a fiat faceadjacent to the flat face (56 of the pendulum. On the next up stroke thecam 58 will have been turned through one-eighth of a rotation byoperation of the pawl 61, at which time the effective diameter of thecam will be sufficient to cause the upper end of the pendulum to missthe lower end of the valve stem. Upon increasing the velocity of theengine the inertia of the weighted pendulum will cause the upper end (38of the pendulum to miss the valve stem oftener than hereinbeforesuggested, and whereby the speed of the engine will be automaticallyregulated. If it is desired to so regulate or control the engine as toprovide for a greater number of revolulions, any suitable means may beprovided to counteract the tendency of the inertia of the governor abovementioned, In this instance such means are shown as comprising a spring(39 connected to the pendulum and cooperating with a thumb screw carriedby the eccentric rod. Upon increasing the tension of the spring 69 thependulum will be caused to engage the exhaust valve stem regularly onalternate up strokes during higher speed of rotation and for this reasonan engine equipped by this regulating device is capable of very greatrange of speed and without varying in any manner the fuel feedingdevices.

The magneto herein described is of the oscillating type and is operatedat a comparatively slow speed directly from the engine shaft. For thispurpose an eccentric 71 keyed to the engine shaft is provided with aneccentric rod 72 attached to an arm 7 3 of the armature shaft 741: andwhereby on each rotation of the engine shaft the armature shaft '74.will be given a partial rotation.

The structure herein disclosed is of extremely simple construction, anunusually small number of parts being employed in its construction, andby actual practice I have demonstrated its practical utility withrespect to a wide range of applicability and speed and with respect alsoto its ease of operation and control.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, is:

1. In a hydrocarbon engine, the combination with a cylinder, a piston, acrank shaft, and connecting means between the piston and crank shaft, ofexhaust mechanism including reciprocating valve having a downwardlyprojecting stem and a spring to maintain said valve normally closed, across head slidable toward and from the exhaust valve, a tumbler movablewith the cross head, stationary means to cause intermittent rotation ofthe tumbler while moving with the cross head, means connected to thecrank shaft for direct operation of the cross head, and a governingmember connected to the cross head operating means for cooperation withsaid tumbler and adapted to impinge directly against the said valve stemto control the operation of the exhaust valve.

2. In a hydrocarbon engine, the combination with the cylinder, thepiston, and the parts driven from the piston, of exhaust mechanismincluding a reciprocating valve having an extended stem, a stationarybracket, a cross head slidable in said bracket, a bolt. extendingthrough the cross head and having a rigid flange thereon, a tumblerjournalcd on the bolt adjacent to said flange, an eccentric mounted onthe crank shaft, an eccentric rod driven from said eccentric andconnected to said bolt on the opposite side of the flange from thetumbler, and means associated with said tumbler for intermittentlyengaging the exhaust valve stem to control the operation of the engine.

3. A hydrocarbon engine comprising cylinder, piston, and crank shaftmechanisms, governor mechanism including a belt, a cross head associatedwith said bolt, :1 tumbler mounted on said bolt, means to causeintermittent rotation of the tumbler, means to operate the bolt andcross head from the crank shaft, and a pendulum carried by said lastmentioned operating means and cooperating with said tumbler, and exhaustvalve mechanism adapted to be operated by said governing mechanism.

4. In a hydrocarbon engine, the combination with the cylinder, piston,and crank shaft mechanisms, of a bracket secured to the cylinder andhaving a laterally disposed head, a cross head reciprocating in saidhead, a pawl mounted on a stationary pivot, a tumbler associated withsaid cross head and caused to rotate intermittently by said pawl uponreciprocation of the cross head, said tumbler including a plural-sidedcam having fiat faces, an eccentric rod driven from the crank shaft andconnected to the cross head for operation thereof, a pendulum pivotedupon said eccentric rod and having a flat face to cooperate with saidflat faced cam, and valve mechanism connected to the cylinder andadapted to be operated intermittently by said pendulum.

5. In a four-cycle engine, the combination with the usual cylinder,piston, and crank shaft mechanisms, of governing mechanism comprising anexhaust valve having a projecting stem, a cross head, a plural-sided camjournaled on the cross head, means to recip rocate the cross head towardand from the said valve stem, means to cause intermittent rotation ofthe cam, a pendulum carried by the cross head operating devices, andhaving a flat face adapted to contact said cam and also tointermittently engage the valve stem to reciprocate the same, and meansassociated with the pendulum to cause the same to maintain the contactof its flat face with said cam.

(3. In governing mechanism for a four cycle engine, the combination ofan exhaust valve. having a stem, an eccentric, an eccentric rod operatedby said eccentric, a pluralsided cam connected to said eccentric rod andreciprocated thereby, means to cause intermittent rotation of the cam,said means including a ratchet wheel, and a stationary pawl to causerotation of the ratchet wheel through the space of one tooth upon eachreciprocation of the eccentric rod, and a pendulum operated by theeccentric rod and associated with said cam for making intermittentcontact directly with the said valve stem.

7. In a hydrocarbon engine of the fourcycle type, the combination withthe cylinder, piston, crank shaft, and connecting mechanisms, of a gmerning mechanism comprising a cross head, a bolt on which the cross headis mounted, a tumbler journalcd on the bolt and comprising a ratchetwheel and a plural-faced cam, means to cause intermittent rotation ofthe tumbler on the bolt, means to prevent such rotation when not underthe influence of said rotating means, a pendulum associated with saidtumbler and having a flat face cooperating with the said cam, means onsaid pendulum to maintain the contact between the flat portion of thependulum and the said cam, and means driven directly from the engineshaft to cause reciprocation of the cross head and oscillation of thependulum.

8. In a governing device for hydrocarbon engines, the combination with acrank shaft, of an eccentric rod driven therefrom, a cross headreciprocated by said eccentric rod, a tumbler associated with the crosshead, means to cause intermittent rotation of the tumbler including aratchet wheel, said tumbler also including a cam having a plurality offlat faces, a pendulum pivoted intermediate of its ends on saideccentric rod whereby it is given reciprocation and oscillation, thependulum having a flat face cooperating with the cam aforesaid, meansassociated with the pendulum to normally maintain said flat face incontact with the cam, but permitting separation thereof upon excessivespeed of the engine, and means auxiliary to the aforesaid pendulum meansto vary the times at which the speed of the engine will cause separationof the flat face of the pendulum from the cam.

In testimony whereof I atlix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ERNST TROIKE. lVitnesses GEO. L. BEELER, PAUL TROIKE.

